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Computer systems

malloc 返回之后,内存就归你了吗

8GB 的机器上 malloc(4GB) 两次,会成功吗?

Copy the prompt, then pick a model. It plays the interviewer and asks you through it scene by scene instead of handing you the answer.

On a phone with the app installed, the system opens the app directly. Links cannot open external apps inside WeChat — open it in a browser first.

The copied text ends with the answer key the model grades you against. Don't read it yourself first — working it out on your own is the point.

第一幕是三个预测题,先让你猜,不评价对错 —— 然后用它们把「malloc 给的是账,不是内存」这件事逼出来。

这块东西线上天天用得到:为什么 free 了内存没降、为什么 VSZ 几十 GB 是正常的、为什么内存泄漏不一定表现为一直涨(碎片也这样),以及最要紧的那一条 —— 内存不够时程序不会崩在 malloc 那一行。

★★★☆☆ · about 30 min · Tests: 按需分配、RSS 与 VSZ、free 之后去哪了、OOM 崩在哪一行

What this one drills

Paging and translation User space and kernel

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Notes from people who did this one

Nobody has written yet. After you run it, say what came out of the conversation — which scene stumped you, which conclusion you changed afterwards.

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How to use this

This set teaches rather than interrogates: it guides you instead of pressing until you have nothing left to say. When you're stuck it first asks which layer you're stuck at (never heard of it / know it but not why / know why but can't apply it), then decides what to give. Only after guiding you twice on the same point will it spell it out — and then it asks you to say it back in your own words.

It will keep pushing you for numbers: answer "there's some overhead" or "it's faster" and it cuts you off. A conclusion you can't put a number on is a memorised one — that's exactly what this set drills.

How to start

  1. Pick one, open it, copy the prompt.
  2. Paste it into a brand-new conversation, say nothing, and wait for its first question.
  3. Expect to be asked for orders of magnitude: how many nanoseconds, how many microseconds, how many times slower. Saying you don't know is fine — it notes it and moves on.

Four commands you can call out at any time

  • 跳过 move to the next scene now
  • 换个说法 explain this bit again from another angle
  • 直说吧 spell the answer out, then make me say it back
  • 复盘 jump to the wrap-up and print the review card

Three traps

  • Don't read the answer key at the end first — that "how people get it wrong" section is the answer to every question it will ask.
  • Don't reach for the jargon. Saying "that's a TLB miss" is easy; saying how much cheaper it is than a page fault is the part that counts.
  • When it starts praising you, point it back to the "don't praise me" rule. Guiding is not coddling.

Want a feel for the numbers? Start with random reads and the first-byte one. For production debugging: malloc, TCP stalls, context switches. Writing concurrent code: reordering and false sharing.